The previous article shows how to get manufacturer-provided serial number for a physical drive by calling DeviceIoControl function.
Now, let’s see how can it be made by using WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation).
Get serial number by using Win32_PhysicalMedia WMI class
To get the physical drive serial number by using Win32_PhysicalMedia class, follow these steps:
- Initialize COM.
HRESULT hr = ::CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
- Set the default process security level.
hr = ::CoInitializeSecurity( NULL, // Security descriptor -1, // COM negotiates authentication service NULL, // Authentication services NULL, // Reserved RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // Default authentication level for proxies RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation level for proxies NULL, // Authentication info EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities of the client or server NULL); // Reserved - Create a connection to WMI namespace.
// Initialize the IWbemLocator interface CComPtr<IWbemLocator> pIWbemLocator; hr = ::CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID*)&pIWbemLocator); // ... // Call IWbemLocator::ConnectServer for connecting to WMI CComPtr<IWbemServices> pIWbemServices; hr = pIWbemLocator->ConnectServer(L"ROOT\\CIMV2", NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, 0, &pIWbemServices); - Set the security levels on WMI connection.
hr = ::CoSetProxyBlanket( pIWbemServices, RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE); - Execute a WQL (WMI Query Language) query to get a list of physical media. Each list element contains a tag as unique identifier (e.g. PHYSICALDRIVE0) and the manufacturer-provided serial number.
const BSTR szQueryLanguage = L"WQL"; const BSTR szQuery = L"SELECT Tag, SerialNumber FROM Win32_PhysicalMedia"; CComPtr<IEnumWbemClassObject> pIEnumWbemClassObject; hr = pIWbemServices->ExecQuery( szQueryLanguage, // Query language szQuery, // Query WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY|WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY, // Flags NULL, // Context &pIEnumWbemClassObject); // Enumerator - Get each enumerator element until find the desired physical drive. For detailed code, see the complete demo application, below.
Putting all together with some helpful ATL stuff, we can make now a simple console demo application.
// ConsoleWMI.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include <atlbase.h>
#include <atlstr.h>
#include <comutil.h>
#include <wbemidl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")
void GetPhysicalDriveSerialNumber(UINT nDriveNumber IN, CString& strSerialNumber OUT);
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CString strResult;
try
{
// 1. Initialize COM
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa390885(v=vs.85).aspx
HRESULT hr = ::CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
CString strSerialNumber;
UINT nDriveNumber = 0;
GetPhysicalDriveSerialNumber(nDriveNumber, strSerialNumber);
strResult.Format(_T("Serial number for drive #%u is %s"),
nDriveNumber, strSerialNumber);
}
catch(CAtlException& e)
{
strResult.Format(_T("Get serial number failure. Error code: 0x%08X"),
(HRESULT)e);
}
// Show result
::MessageBox(NULL, strResult, _T("Serial number demo"), MB_OK);
// Uninitialize COM
::CoUninitialize();
return 0;
}
void GetPhysicalDriveSerialNumber(UINT nDriveNumber IN, CString& strSerialNumber OUT)
{
strSerialNumber.Empty();
// Format physical drive path (may be '\\.\PhysicalDrive0', '\\.\PhysicalDrive1' and so on).
CString strDrivePath;
strDrivePath.Format(_T("\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive%u"), nDriveNumber);
// 2. Set the default process security level
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa393617(v=vs.85).aspx
HRESULT hr = ::CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL, // Security descriptor
-1, // COM negotiates authentication service
NULL, // Authentication services
NULL, // Reserved
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // Default authentication level for proxies
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation level for proxies
NULL, // Authentication info
EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities of the client or server
NULL); // Reserved
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
// 3. Create a connection to WMI namespace
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa389749(v=vs.85).aspx
// 3.1. Initialize the IWbemLocator interface
CComPtr<IWbemLocator> pIWbemLocator;
hr = ::CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator, 0,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID*)&pIWbemLocator);
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
// 3.2. Call IWbemLocator::ConnectServer for connecting to WMI
CComPtr<IWbemServices> pIWbemServices;
hr = pIWbemLocator->ConnectServer(L"ROOT\\CIMV2",
NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, 0, &pIWbemServices);
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
// 4. Set the security levels on WMI connection
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa393619(v=vs.85).aspx
hr = ::CoSetProxyBlanket(
pIWbemServices,
RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,
RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,
NULL,
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
NULL,
EOAC_NONE);
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
// 5. Execute a WQL (WMI Query Language) query to get physical media info
const BSTR szQueryLanguage = L"WQL";
const BSTR szQuery = L"SELECT Tag, SerialNumber FROM Win32_PhysicalMedia";
CComPtr<IEnumWbemClassObject> pIEnumWbemClassObject;
hr = pIWbemServices->ExecQuery(
szQueryLanguage, // Query language
szQuery, // Query
WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY|WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY, // Flags
NULL, // Context
&pIEnumWbemClassObject); // Enumerator
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
// 6. Get each enumerator element until find the desired physical drive
ULONG uReturn = 0;
while(pIEnumWbemClassObject)
{
CComPtr<IWbemClassObject> pIWbemClassObject;
hr = pIEnumWbemClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1, &pIWbemClassObject, &uReturn);
if(0 == uReturn || FAILED(hr))
break;
variant_t vtTag; // unique tag, e.g. '\\.\PHYSICALDRIVE0'
variant_t vtSerialNumber; // manufacturer-provided serial number
hr = pIWbemClassObject->Get(L"Tag", 0, &vtTag, NULL, NULL);
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
CString strTag(vtTag.bstrVal);
if(!strTag.CompareNoCase(strDrivePath)) // physical drive found
{
hr = pIWbemClassObject->Get(L"SerialNumber", 0, &vtSerialNumber, NULL, NULL);
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
strSerialNumber = vtSerialNumber.bstrVal; // get the serial number
break;
}
}
}
See also
- Codexpert blog: Get Physical Drive Serial Number – Part 1
Resources
- MSDN: Win32_PhysicalMedia class
- MSDN: Getting WMI Data from the Local Computer
- MSDN: WQL (SQL for WMI)
Later edit
We can simplify a little bit the above example by adding WHERE clause in the WQL query.
void GetPhysicalDriveSerialNumber(UINT nDriveNumber IN, CString& strSerialNumber OUT)
{
strSerialNumber.Empty();
// Format physical drive path (may be '\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive0', '\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive1' and so on).
// Note: backslash is used as escape in WQL, so we need to double each one.
CStringW strDrivePath;
strDrivePath.Format(_T("\\\\\\\\.\\\\PhysicalDrive%u"), nDriveNumber);
// ...
// ... [the same code as in previous example]
// ...
// 5. Execute a WQL (WMI Query Language) query to get the wanted phisical drive serial number
const BSTR szQueryLanguage = L"WQL";
CStringW strQuery;
strQuery.Format(L"SELECT SerialNumber FROM Win32_PhysicalMedia WHERE Tag=\"%s\"",
strDrivePath);
CComPtr<IEnumWbemClassObject> pIEnumWbemClassObject;
hr = pIWbemServices->ExecQuery(
szQueryLanguage, // Query language
(BSTR)strQuery.GetString(), // Query
WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY|WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY, // Flags
NULL, // Context
&pIEnumWbemClassObject); // Enumerator
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
// 6. Get first enumerator element. If exists, get the serial number.
ULONG uReturn = 0;
CComPtr<IWbemClassObject> pIWbemClassObject;
hr = pIEnumWbemClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1, &pIWbemClassObject, &uReturn);
if(WBEM_S_NO_ERROR == hr)
{
variant_t vtSerialNumber; // manufacturer-provided serial number
hr = pIWbemClassObject->Get(L"SerialNumber", 0, &vtSerialNumber, NULL, NULL);
ATLENSURE_SUCCEEDED(hr);
strSerialNumber = vtSerialNumber.bstrVal; // assign serial number to output parameter
}
else
{
AtlThrow(hr);
}
}
